Flutter Engine
 
Loading...
Searching...
No Matches
fl_binary_messenger.cc
Go to the documentation of this file.
1// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
2// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
3// found in the LICENSE file.
4
7
15
16#include <gmodule.h>
17
18static constexpr char kControlChannelName[] = "dev.flutter/channel-buffers";
19static constexpr char kResizeMethod[] = "resize";
20static constexpr char kOverflowMethod[] = "overflow";
21
23 fl_binary_messenger_codec_error)
24
25G_DECLARE_FINAL_TYPE(FlBinaryMessengerImpl,
29 GObject)
30
31G_DECLARE_FINAL_TYPE(FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandleImpl,
32 fl_binary_messenger_response_handle_impl,
33 FL,
34 BINARY_MESSENGER_RESPONSE_HANDLE_IMPL,
35 FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandle)
36
37G_DEFINE_INTERFACE(FlBinaryMessenger, fl_binary_messenger, G_TYPE_OBJECT)
38
39struct _FlBinaryMessengerImpl {
40 GObject parent_instance;
41
42 GWeakRef engine;
43
44 // PlatformMessageHandler keyed by channel name.
45 GHashTable* platform_message_handlers;
46};
47
49 FlBinaryMessengerInterface* iface);
50
52 FlBinaryMessengerImpl,
54 G_TYPE_OBJECT,
55 G_IMPLEMENT_INTERFACE(fl_binary_messenger_get_type(),
57
58static void fl_binary_messenger_response_handle_class_init(
59 FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandleClass* klass) {}
60
61G_DEFINE_TYPE(FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandle,
63 G_TYPE_OBJECT)
64
65static void fl_binary_messenger_response_handle_init(
66 FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandle* self) {}
67
69 FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandle parent_instance;
70
71 // Messenger sending response on.
72 FlBinaryMessengerImpl* messenger;
73
74 // Handle to send the response with. This is cleared to nullptr when it is
75 // used.
77};
78
79G_DEFINE_TYPE(FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandleImpl,
80 fl_binary_messenger_response_handle_impl,
81 fl_binary_messenger_response_handle_get_type())
82
83static void fl_binary_messenger_default_init(
84 FlBinaryMessengerInterface* iface) {}
85
87 FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandleImpl* self =
88 FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_RESPONSE_HANDLE_IMPL(object);
89
90 g_autoptr(FlEngine) engine =
91 FL_ENGINE(g_weak_ref_get(&self->messenger->engine));
92 if (self->response_handle != nullptr && engine != nullptr) {
93 g_critical("FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandle was not responded to");
94 }
95
96 g_clear_object(&self->messenger);
97 self->response_handle = nullptr;
98
99 G_OBJECT_CLASS(fl_binary_messenger_response_handle_impl_parent_class)
100 ->dispose(object);
101}
102
104 FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandleImplClass* klass) {
105 G_OBJECT_CLASS(klass)->dispose =
107}
108
110 FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandleImpl* self) {}
111
112static FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandleImpl*
114 FlBinaryMessengerImpl* messenger,
115 const FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle* response_handle) {
116 FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandleImpl* self =
117 FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_RESPONSE_HANDLE_IMPL(g_object_new(
118 fl_binary_messenger_response_handle_impl_get_type(), nullptr));
119
120 self->messenger = FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_IMPL(g_object_ref(messenger));
121 self->response_handle = response_handle;
122
123 return self;
124}
125
131
134 gpointer user_data,
135 GDestroyNotify destroy_notify) {
137 g_malloc0(sizeof(PlatformMessageHandler)));
139 self->message_handler_data = user_data;
140 self->message_handler_destroy_notify = destroy_notify;
141 return self;
142}
143
144static void platform_message_handler_free(gpointer data) {
146 if (self->message_handler_destroy_notify) {
147 self->message_handler_destroy_notify(self->message_handler_data);
148 }
149 g_free(self);
150}
151
153 FlEngine* engine,
154 const gchar* channel,
155 GBytes* message,
156 const FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle* response_handle,
157 void* user_data) {
158 FlBinaryMessenger* self = FL_BINARY_MESSENGER(user_data);
160 response_handle);
161}
162
163static void fl_binary_messenger_impl_dispose(GObject* object) {
164 FlBinaryMessengerImpl* self = FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_IMPL(object);
165
166 g_weak_ref_clear(&self->engine);
167
168 g_clear_pointer(&self->platform_message_handlers, g_hash_table_unref);
169
170 G_OBJECT_CLASS(fl_binary_messenger_impl_parent_class)->dispose(object);
171}
172
174 FlBinaryMessenger* messenger,
175 const gchar* channel,
177 gpointer user_data,
178 GDestroyNotify destroy_notify) {
179 FlBinaryMessengerImpl* self = FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_IMPL(messenger);
180
181 // Don't set handlers if engine already gone.
182 g_autoptr(FlEngine) engine = FL_ENGINE(g_weak_ref_get(&self->engine));
183 if (engine == nullptr) {
184 if (handler != nullptr) {
185 g_warning(
186 "Attempted to set message handler on an FlBinaryMessenger without an "
187 "engine");
188 }
189 if (destroy_notify != nullptr) {
191 }
192 return;
193 }
194
195 if (handler != nullptr) {
196 g_hash_table_replace(
197 self->platform_message_handlers, g_strdup(channel),
199 } else {
200 g_hash_table_remove(self->platform_message_handlers, channel);
201 }
202}
203
204static gboolean do_unref(gpointer value) {
205 g_object_unref(value);
206 return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
207}
208
209// Note: This function can be called from any thread.
210static gboolean send_response(FlBinaryMessenger* messenger,
211 FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandle* response_handle_,
212 GBytes* response,
213 GError** error) {
214 FlBinaryMessengerImpl* self = FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_IMPL(messenger);
215 g_return_val_if_fail(
216 FL_IS_BINARY_MESSENGER_RESPONSE_HANDLE_IMPL(response_handle_), FALSE);
217 FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandleImpl* response_handle =
218 FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_RESPONSE_HANDLE_IMPL(response_handle_);
219
220 g_return_val_if_fail(response_handle->messenger == self, FALSE);
221 g_return_val_if_fail(response_handle->response_handle != nullptr, FALSE);
222
223 FlEngine* engine = FL_ENGINE(g_weak_ref_get(&self->engine));
224 if (engine == nullptr) {
225 return TRUE;
226 }
227
228 gboolean result = false;
229 if (response_handle->response_handle == nullptr) {
230 g_set_error(
233 "Attempted to respond to a message that is already responded to");
234 result = FALSE;
235 } else {
237 engine, response_handle->response_handle, response, error);
238 response_handle->response_handle = nullptr;
239 }
240
241 // This guarantees that the dispose method for the engine is executed
242 // on the platform thread in the rare chance this is the last ref.
243 g_idle_add(do_unref, engine);
244
245 return result;
246}
247
248static void platform_message_ready_cb(GObject* object,
249 GAsyncResult* result,
250 gpointer user_data) {
251 g_autoptr(GTask) task = G_TASK(user_data);
252 g_task_return_pointer(task, g_object_ref(result), g_object_unref);
253}
254
255static void send_on_channel(FlBinaryMessenger* messenger,
256 const gchar* channel,
257 GBytes* message,
258 GCancellable* cancellable,
259 GAsyncReadyCallback callback,
260 gpointer user_data) {
261 FlBinaryMessengerImpl* self = FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_IMPL(messenger);
262
263 g_autoptr(FlEngine) engine = FL_ENGINE(g_weak_ref_get(&self->engine));
264 if (engine == nullptr) {
265 return;
266 }
267
269 engine, channel, message, cancellable,
270 callback != nullptr ? platform_message_ready_cb : nullptr,
271 callback != nullptr ? g_task_new(self, cancellable, callback, user_data)
272 : nullptr);
273}
274
275static GBytes* send_on_channel_finish(FlBinaryMessenger* messenger,
276 GAsyncResult* result,
277 GError** error) {
278 FlBinaryMessengerImpl* self = FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_IMPL(messenger);
279 g_return_val_if_fail(g_task_is_valid(result, self), FALSE);
280
281 GTask* task = G_TASK(result);
282 g_autoptr(GAsyncResult) r =
283 G_ASYNC_RESULT(g_task_propagate_pointer(task, error));
284 if (r == nullptr) {
285 return nullptr;
286 }
287
288 g_autoptr(FlEngine) engine = FL_ENGINE(g_weak_ref_get(&self->engine));
289 if (engine == nullptr) {
290 return nullptr;
291 }
292
294}
295
296// Completes method call and returns TRUE if the call was successful.
297static gboolean finish_method(GObject* object,
298 GAsyncResult* result,
299 GError** error) {
301 FL_BINARY_MESSENGER(object), result, error);
302 if (response == nullptr) {
303 return FALSE;
304 }
305 g_autoptr(FlStandardMethodCodec) codec = fl_standard_method_codec_new();
306 return fl_method_codec_decode_response(FL_METHOD_CODEC(codec), response,
307 error) != nullptr;
308}
309
310// Called when a response is received for the resize channel message.
311static void resize_channel_response_cb(GObject* object,
312 GAsyncResult* result,
313 gpointer user_data) {
314 g_autoptr(GError) error = nullptr;
315 if (!finish_method(object, result, &error)) {
316 g_warning("Failed to resize channel: %s", error->message);
317 }
318}
319
320static void resize_channel(FlBinaryMessenger* messenger,
321 const gchar* channel,
322 int64_t new_size) {
323 FML_DCHECK(new_size >= 0);
324 g_autoptr(FlStandardMethodCodec) codec = fl_standard_method_codec_new();
329 FL_METHOD_CODEC(codec), kResizeMethod, args, nullptr);
332 nullptr);
333}
334
335// Called when a response is received for the warns on overflow message.
337 GAsyncResult* result,
338 gpointer user_data) {
339 g_autoptr(GError) error = nullptr;
340 if (!finish_method(object, result, &error)) {
341 g_warning("Failed to set warns on channel overflow: %s", error->message);
342 }
343}
344
345static void set_warns_on_channel_overflow(FlBinaryMessenger* messenger,
346 const gchar* channel,
347 bool warns) {
348 g_autoptr(FlStandardMethodCodec) codec = fl_standard_method_codec_new();
353 FL_METHOD_CODEC(codec), kOverflowMethod, args, nullptr);
355 messenger, kControlChannelName, message, nullptr,
357}
358
359static void shutdown(FlBinaryMessenger* messenger) {
360 FlBinaryMessengerImpl* self = FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_IMPL(messenger);
361
362 // Disconnect any handlers.
363 // Take the reference in case a handler tries to modify this table.
364 g_autoptr(GHashTable) handlers = self->platform_message_handlers;
365 self->platform_message_handlers = g_hash_table_new_full(
366 g_str_hash, g_str_equal, g_free, platform_message_handler_free);
367 g_hash_table_remove_all(handlers);
368}
369
371 FlBinaryMessengerImplClass* klass) {
372 G_OBJECT_CLASS(klass)->dispose = fl_binary_messenger_impl_dispose;
373}
374
376 FlBinaryMessengerInterface* iface) {
377 iface->set_message_handler_on_channel = set_message_handler_on_channel;
378 iface->send_response = send_response;
379 iface->send_on_channel = send_on_channel;
380 iface->send_on_channel_finish = send_on_channel_finish;
381 iface->resize_channel = resize_channel;
382 iface->set_warns_on_channel_overflow = set_warns_on_channel_overflow;
383 iface->shutdown = shutdown;
384}
385
386static void fl_binary_messenger_impl_init(FlBinaryMessengerImpl* self) {
387 self->platform_message_handlers = g_hash_table_new_full(
388 g_str_hash, g_str_equal, g_free, platform_message_handler_free);
389}
390
391FlBinaryMessenger* fl_binary_messenger_new(FlEngine* engine) {
392 g_return_val_if_fail(FL_IS_ENGINE(engine), nullptr);
393
394 FlBinaryMessengerImpl* self = FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_IMPL(
395 g_object_new(fl_binary_messenger_impl_get_type(), nullptr));
396
397 // Added to stop compiler complaining about an unused function.
398 FL_IS_BINARY_MESSENGER_IMPL(self);
399
400 g_weak_ref_init(&self->engine, G_OBJECT(engine));
401
404
405 return FL_BINARY_MESSENGER(self);
406}
407
409 FlBinaryMessenger* self,
410 const gchar* channel,
412 gpointer user_data,
413 GDestroyNotify destroy_notify) {
414 g_return_if_fail(FL_IS_BINARY_MESSENGER(self));
415 g_return_if_fail(channel != nullptr);
416
417 FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_GET_IFACE(self)->set_message_handler_on_channel(
419}
420
421// Note: This function can be called from any thread.
422G_MODULE_EXPORT gboolean fl_binary_messenger_send_response(
423 FlBinaryMessenger* self,
424 FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandle* response_handle,
425 GBytes* response,
426 GError** error) {
427 g_return_val_if_fail(FL_IS_BINARY_MESSENGER(self), FALSE);
428 g_return_val_if_fail(FL_IS_BINARY_MESSENGER_RESPONSE_HANDLE(response_handle),
429 FALSE);
430
431 return FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_GET_IFACE(self)->send_response(
432 self, response_handle, response, error);
433}
434
436 FlBinaryMessenger* self,
437 const gchar* channel,
438 GBytes* message,
439 GCancellable* cancellable,
440 GAsyncReadyCallback callback,
441 gpointer user_data) {
442 g_return_if_fail(FL_IS_BINARY_MESSENGER(self));
443 g_return_if_fail(channel != nullptr);
444
445 FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_GET_IFACE(self)->send_on_channel(
446 self, channel, message, cancellable, callback, user_data);
447}
448
450 FlBinaryMessenger* self,
451 GAsyncResult* result,
452 GError** error) {
453 g_return_val_if_fail(FL_IS_BINARY_MESSENGER(self), FALSE);
454
455 return FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_GET_IFACE(self)->send_on_channel_finish(
456 self, result, error);
457}
458
459G_MODULE_EXPORT void fl_binary_messenger_resize_channel(FlBinaryMessenger* self,
460 const gchar* channel,
461 int64_t new_size) {
462 g_return_if_fail(FL_IS_BINARY_MESSENGER(self));
463
464 return FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_GET_IFACE(self)->resize_channel(self, channel,
465 new_size);
466}
467
469 FlBinaryMessenger* self,
470 const gchar* channel,
471 bool warns) {
472 g_return_if_fail(FL_IS_BINARY_MESSENGER(self));
473
474 return FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_GET_IFACE(self)->set_warns_on_channel_overflow(
475 self, channel, warns);
476}
477
479 FlBinaryMessenger* messenger,
480 const gchar* channel,
481 GBytes* message,
482 const FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle* response_handle) {
483 FlBinaryMessengerImpl* self = FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_IMPL(messenger);
484
486 g_hash_table_lookup(self->platform_message_handlers, channel));
487 if (handler == nullptr) {
488 return FALSE;
489 }
490
491 g_autoptr(FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandleImpl) handle =
493 handler->message_handler(FL_BINARY_MESSENGER(self), channel, message,
494 FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_RESPONSE_HANDLE(handle),
495 handler->message_handler_data);
496
497 return TRUE;
498}
499
500void fl_binary_messenger_shutdown(FlBinaryMessenger* self) {
501 g_return_if_fail(FL_IS_BINARY_MESSENGER(self));
502
503 return FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_GET_IFACE(self)->shutdown(self);
504}
int32_t value
FlutterEngine engine
Definition main.cc:84
static void fl_binary_messenger_impl_class_init(FlBinaryMessengerImplClass *klass)
static void resize_channel(FlBinaryMessenger *messenger, const gchar *channel, int64_t new_size)
G_MODULE_EXPORT GBytes * fl_binary_messenger_send_on_channel_finish(FlBinaryMessenger *self, GAsyncResult *result, GError **error)
static void send_on_channel(FlBinaryMessenger *messenger, const gchar *channel, GBytes *message, GCancellable *cancellable, GAsyncReadyCallback callback, gpointer user_data)
static void fl_binary_messenger_response_handle_impl_dispose(GObject *object)
G_DEFINE_QUARK(fl_binary_messenger_codec_error_quark, fl_binary_messenger_codec_error) G_DECLARE_FINAL_TYPE(FlBinaryMessengerImpl
static void set_message_handler_on_channel(FlBinaryMessenger *messenger, const gchar *channel, FlBinaryMessengerMessageHandler handler, gpointer user_data, GDestroyNotify destroy_notify)
static gboolean fl_binary_messenger_platform_message_cb(FlEngine *engine, const gchar *channel, GBytes *message, const FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle *response_handle, void *user_data)
G_MODULE_EXPORT void fl_binary_messenger_resize_channel(FlBinaryMessenger *self, const gchar *channel, int64_t new_size)
G_MODULE_EXPORT void fl_binary_messenger_set_message_handler_on_channel(FlBinaryMessenger *self, const gchar *channel, FlBinaryMessengerMessageHandler handler, gpointer user_data, GDestroyNotify destroy_notify)
G_MODULE_EXPORT void fl_binary_messenger_send_on_channel(FlBinaryMessenger *self, const gchar *channel, GBytes *message, GCancellable *cancellable, GAsyncReadyCallback callback, gpointer user_data)
static void fl_binary_messenger_impl_dispose(GObject *object)
static void platform_message_ready_cb(GObject *object, GAsyncResult *result, gpointer user_data)
static void fl_binary_messenger_response_handle_impl_init(FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandleImpl *self)
FlBinaryMessenger * fl_binary_messenger_new(FlEngine *engine)
static void fl_binary_messenger_impl_init(FlBinaryMessengerImpl *self)
GObject G_DECLARE_FINAL_TYPE(FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandleImpl, fl_binary_messenger_response_handle_impl, FL, BINARY_MESSENGER_RESPONSE_HANDLE_IMPL, FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandle) struct _FlBinaryMessengerImpl
G_MODULE_EXPORT gboolean fl_binary_messenger_send_response(FlBinaryMessenger *self, FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandle *response_handle, GBytes *response, GError **error)
G_MODULE_EXPORT void fl_binary_messenger_set_warns_on_channel_overflow(FlBinaryMessenger *self, const gchar *channel, bool warns)
static gboolean send_response(FlBinaryMessenger *messenger, FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandle *response_handle_, GBytes *response, GError **error)
static void set_warns_on_channel_overflow(FlBinaryMessenger *messenger, const gchar *channel, bool warns)
static constexpr char kControlChannelName[]
static void fl_binary_messenger_impl_iface_init(FlBinaryMessengerInterface *iface)
static constexpr char kOverflowMethod[]
static void resize_channel_response_cb(GObject *object, GAsyncResult *result, gpointer user_data)
static gboolean finish_method(GObject *object, GAsyncResult *result, GError **error)
static void set_warns_on_channel_overflow_response_cb(GObject *object, GAsyncResult *result, gpointer user_data)
BINARY_MESSENGER_IMPL
static FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandleImpl * fl_binary_messenger_response_handle_impl_new(FlBinaryMessengerImpl *messenger, const FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle *response_handle)
static void fl_binary_messenger_response_handle_impl_class_init(FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandleImplClass *klass)
gboolean fl_binary_messenger_handle_message(FlBinaryMessenger *messenger, const gchar *channel, GBytes *message, const FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle *response_handle)
static gboolean do_unref(gpointer value)
static constexpr char kResizeMethod[]
void fl_binary_messenger_shutdown(FlBinaryMessenger *self)
fl_binary_messenger_impl
G_DEFINE_TYPE(FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandle, fl_binary_messenger_response_handle, G_TYPE_OBJECT) static void fl_binary_messenger_response_handle_init(FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandle *self)
static PlatformMessageHandler * platform_message_handler_new(FlBinaryMessengerMessageHandler handler, gpointer user_data, GDestroyNotify destroy_notify)
G_DEFINE_TYPE_WITH_CODE(FlBinaryMessengerImpl, fl_binary_messenger_impl, G_TYPE_OBJECT, G_IMPLEMENT_INTERFACE(fl_binary_messenger_get_type(), fl_binary_messenger_impl_iface_init)) static void fl_binary_messenger_response_handle_class_init(FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandleClass *klass)
static GBytes * send_on_channel_finish(FlBinaryMessenger *messenger, GAsyncResult *result, GError **error)
static void platform_message_handler_free(gpointer data)
static void shutdown(FlBinaryMessenger *messenger)
G_MODULE_EXPORT GQuark fl_binary_messenger_codec_error_quark(void) G_GNUC_CONST
#define FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_ERROR
@ FL_BINARY_MESSENGER_ERROR_ALREADY_RESPONDED
G_MODULE_EXPORT GObject typedef void(* FlBinaryMessengerMessageHandler)(FlBinaryMessenger *messenger, const gchar *channel, GBytes *message, FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandle *response_handle, gpointer user_data)
G_MODULE_EXPORT fl_binary_messenger_response_handle
g_autoptr(GMutexLocker) locker
return TRUE
void fl_engine_set_platform_message_handler(FlEngine *self, FlEnginePlatformMessageHandler handler, gpointer user_data, GDestroyNotify destroy_notify)
Definition fl_engine.cc:990
gboolean fl_engine_send_platform_message_response(FlEngine *self, const FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle *handle, GBytes *response, GError **error)
void fl_engine_send_platform_message(FlEngine *self, const gchar *channel, GBytes *message, GCancellable *cancellable, GAsyncReadyCallback callback, gpointer user_data)
GBytes * fl_engine_send_platform_message_finish(FlEngine *self, GAsyncResult *result, GError **error)
G_BEGIN_DECLS G_MODULE_EXPORT FlValue * args
FlMethodResponse * fl_method_codec_decode_response(FlMethodCodec *self, GBytes *message, GError **error)
GBytes * fl_method_codec_encode_method_call(FlMethodCodec *self, const gchar *name, FlValue *args, GError **error)
const gchar * channel
const gchar FlBinaryMessengerMessageHandler gpointer GDestroyNotify destroy_notify
const gchar FlBinaryMessengerMessageHandler handler
G_BEGIN_DECLS GBytes * message
const uint8_t uint32_t uint32_t GError ** error
G_MODULE_EXPORT FlStandardMethodCodec * fl_standard_method_codec_new()
G_MODULE_EXPORT FlValue * fl_value_new_string(const gchar *value)
Definition fl_value.cc:276
G_MODULE_EXPORT FlValue * fl_value_new_bool(bool value)
Definition fl_value.cc:255
G_MODULE_EXPORT FlValue * fl_value_new_int(int64_t value)
Definition fl_value.cc:262
G_MODULE_EXPORT void fl_value_append_take(FlValue *self, FlValue *value)
Definition fl_value.cc:600
G_MODULE_EXPORT FlValue * fl_value_new_list()
Definition fl_value.cc:349
typedefG_BEGIN_DECLS struct _FlValue FlValue
Definition fl_value.h:42
FlutterDesktopBinaryReply callback
#define FML_DCHECK(condition)
Definition logging.h:122
FlBinaryMessengerResponseHandle parent_instance
const FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle * response_handle
FlBinaryMessengerMessageHandler message_handler
GDestroyNotify message_handler_destroy_notify
std::shared_ptr< const fml::Mapping > data